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Kovarniy Class Fleet Submarine
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The Kovarniy Class Fleet Submarine has a very long range, making it suitable for wide-ranging missions.

Kovarniy Class Fleet Submarine, laid down 1912
     Length, 50.0 m x Beam, 6.7 m x Depth, 4.5 m
          684 tonnes normal displacement (603 tonnes standard)
     Main battery:       1 x  5.7-cm
     Light battery:      1 x  3.7-cm
          Weight of broadside: 3 kg
     6 TT, 45.0 cm (submerged)
     Hull unarmored
     Operational depth - 123 m/402 ft
     Emergency depth - 196m/643 ft
     Crush depth - 306m/1005 ft
     Maximum speed for 1000 shaft kw = 15.00 knots
          Approximate cruising radius, 5000 nm / 10 knots
     Typical complement: 34-44

                    Estimated cost, $115,000 (£29,000)
          Remarks:
     Caution: lacks seaworthiness -- very limited seakeeping ability.
     Caution: Very cramped ship with excessively poor habitability;
     lacks suitable working space.
     Oil firing.
     Ship has quick, 'lively' roll; not a steady gun platform.

          Distribution of weights:
                                                       Percent
                                                       normal
                                                    displacement:
          Armament .........................      1 tonnes =   0 pct
          Machinery ........................     53 tonnes =   8 pct
          Hull and fittings; equipment .....    434 tonnes =  64 pct
          Fuel, ammunition, stores .........     95 tonnes =  14 pct
          Miscellaneous weights ............    100 tonnes =  15 pct
                                              -----
                                                684 tonnes = 100 pct
          Estimated metacentric height, 0.2 m
     Displacement summary:
          Light ship:               589 tonnes
          Standard displacement:    603 tonnes
          Normal service:           684 tonnes
          Full load:                746 tonnes
          Loading submergence 198 tonnes/metre
     +++++++++++++++++++++++++

     Estimated overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
          Relative margin of stability: 1.19
          Shellfire needed to sink: 164 kg = 63.9 x 5.7-cm shells
               (Approximates weight of penetrating
               shell hits needed to sink ship,
               not counting critical hits)
          Torpedoes needed to sink: 0.2
               (Approximates number of 'typical'
               torpedo hits needed to sink ship)
          Relative steadiness as gun platform, 1 percent
               (50 percent is 'average')
          Relative rocking effect from firing to beam, 0.00
          Relative quality as a seaboat: 0.00
     +++++++++++++++++++++++++

     Hull form characteristics:
          Block coefficient: 0.45
          Sharpness coefficient: 0.35
          Hull speed coefficient 'M' = 5.69
          'Natural speed' for length = 12.8 knots
          Power going to wave formation
               at top speed: 50 percent

     Estimated hull characteristics and strength:
          Relative underwater volume absorbed by
               magazines and engineering spaces: 102 percent
          Relative accommodation and working space: 1 percent

          Displacement factor: 320 percent
               (Displacement relative to loading factors)

          Relative cross-sectional hull strength: 3.98
               (Structure weight per square
               metre of hull surface: 605 kg)
          Relative longitudinal hull strength: 4.42
               (for 0.03 m average freeboard;
               freeboard adjustment -2.67 m)
          Relative composite hull strength: 4.02
     +++++++++++++++++++++++++

[Machine-readable parameters: Spring Style v. 1.2.1]
164.00 x 21.98 x 14.76; 0.10 -- Dimensions
0.45 -- Block coefficient
1912 -- Year laid down
15.00 / 5000 / 10.00; Oil-fired turbine or equivalent -- Speed / radius / cruise
100 tons -- Miscellaneous weights
++++++++++
1 x 2.24; 0 -- Main battery; turrets
  Central positioning of guns
   :
0 -- No secondary battery
0 -- No tertiary (QF/AA) battery
1 x 1.46 -- Fourth (light) battery
6 / 6 / 17.72 -- TT / submerged / size
++++++++++
0.00 -- No belt armor
0.00 / 0.00 -- Deck / CT
0.00 -- No battery armor

     (Note: For portability, values are stored in Anglo-American units)

     +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


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